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Due to the expansive nature of R2HE jurisprudence, the Database features significant R2HE case law.

These cases recognize R2HE as an independent right and notably contribute to R2HE doctrine.

The Database does not seek to be an exhaustive source for all R2HE case law.

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Year filed

Year of most recent ruling

Region

Africa
America
- Central America
- North America
- South America
Asia
Europe
International or regional systems
Oceania

Court

OR AND

Substantive and procedural elements

Clean Air
Healthy and Sustainably Produced Food
Healthy Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Non-toxic Environments
Other
Pollution
Procedural Components Generally
Safe and Sufficient Water
Safe Climate

Featured principles

Best Available Science
Eco-centrism
Gender Equity
In Dubio Pro Natura
Intergenerational Equity
Non-discrimination
Non-regression
Polluter Pays
Precaution
Prevention
Progressive Realization
Respecting Local and Indigenous Wisdom
Sustainable Development

Case law approaches

Connecting R2HE to the rights of nature
Emphasizing international developments
Emphasizing the obligation to cooperate internationally or nationally
Emphasizing the state’s duty to regulate or its failure to observe its due diligence obligations
Focusing on youth
Invoking the political significance of the R2HE
Reinforcing the status of the R2HE as a fundamental and independent human right
Using amicus curiae briefs to advance R2HE conceptually
Using an established domestic body of law
Using an established international body of law
Utilizing a variety of legal arguments

Select practices by courts

Expansive reading of the scope and content of the R2HE
Flexible standing requirement
Methods for ensuring baseline protections
Providing remedies
Reducing barriers to proving causation
Shifting the presumption proving adequacy of actions

A list of significant R2HE and other R2HE cases identified so far can be accessed here

NYU Law’s R2HE Toolkit is the first database that maps the development of the Right to a Healthy Environment around the world in terms of legislation, cases, trends and practices.

We encourage submissions and recommendations of cases and analyses for the Toolkit. To submit a case or recommendation, contact us at:

era@nyu.edu

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